Spratly Islands - Wikipedia. The Spratly Islands (Malay: Kepulauan Spratly, Tagalog: Kapuluan ng Kalayaan,[1]Vietnamese: Quần đảo Trường Sa) are a disputed group of islands, islets and cays[2] and more than 1. South China Sea.[3] The archipelago lies off the coasts of the Philippines, Malaysia, and southern Vietnam.

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Named after the 1. British whaling captain Richard Spratly who sighted Spratly Island in 1. The Spratlys are one of the major archipelagos in the South China Sea which complicate governance and economics in this part of Southeast Asia due to their location in strategic shipping lanes. The islands have no indigenous inhabitants, but offer rich fishing grounds and may contain significant oil and natural gas reserves,[4][5] and as such are important to the claimants in their attempts to establish international boundaries. Some of the islands have civilian settlements, but of the approximately 4.

Spratly Islands dispute Dangerous Ground (South China Sea) Great wall of sand History of the Spratly Islands List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands. 3. The Oakmont News / May 15, 2015 CAN’T ATTEND A BOARD MEETING? Watch it online at www.oakmontvideos.com. Board meetings will be available the day after the meeting.

Malaysia, Taiwan (ROC), China (PRC), the Philippines and Vietnam. Additionally, Brunei has claimed an exclusive economic zone in the southeastern part of the Spratlys, which includes the uninhabited Louisa Reef. Geographic and economic overview[edit]The Spratly Islands were, in 1. Despite the Spratly Islands naturally consisting of 1.

Chinese 1. 98. 6 source, the Spratly Islands consist of 1. The northeast part of the Spratlys is known as Dangerous Ground and is characterised by many low islands, sunken reefs, and degraded sunken atolls with coral often rising abruptly from ocean depths greater than 1,0. The islands are all of similar nature; they are cays (or keys): sand islands formed on old degraded and submerged coral reefs. The Spratly Islands contain almost no significant arable land, have no indigenous inhabitants, and very few of the islands have a permanent drinkable water supply.[7]All of the natural islands (and many of the reefs) are occupied: by the Philippines (7 islands, Thitu Island, West York Island, Northeast Cay, Nanshan Island, Loaita Island, Flat Island, Lankiam Cay and 3 reefs); Taiwan (Ro.

C) (1 island Taiping Island, also known as Itu Aba Island and 1 reef); Vietnam (6 islands, Spratly Island, Southwest Cay, Sin Cowe Island, Sand Cay, Namyit Island, Amboyna Cay, 1. Malaysia (Swallow Reef and about 6 other reefs). Natural resources include fish, guano, oil and natural gas.[8] Economic activity has included commercial fishing, shipping, guano mining, oil and gas exploitation, and more recently, tourism. The Spratlys are located near several primary shipping lanes. In 1. 98. 7, the People's Republic of China installed a small military structure on Fiery Cross Reef on the pretext[citation needed] to build an oceanic observation station and install a tide gauge for the Global Sea Level Observing System.[9] After a deadly skirmish with the Vietnamese Navy, China installed some military structures on more reefs in the vicinity of the Philippines and Vietnamese occupied islands and this led to escalating tensions between these countries and China over the status and "ownership" of reefs. The islands and cays, listed in descending order of naturally occurring area, are: The total area of archipelago's naturally occurring islands is 1.

A geographic map of Spratlys.[1. Geology[edit]The Spratly Islands consist of islands, reefs, banks and shoals that consist of biogenic carbonate. These accumulations of biogenic carbonate lie upon the higher crests of major submarine ridges that are uplifted fault blocks known by geologists as horsts. These horsts are part of a series of parallel and en echelon, half- grabens and rotated fault- blocks. The long axes of the horsts, rotated fault blocks and half- grabens form well- defined linear trends that lie parallel to magnetic anomalies exhibited by the oceanic crust of the adjacent South China Sea. The horsts, rotated fault blocks, and the rock forming the bottoms of associated grabens consist of stretched and subsided continental crust that is composed of Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceousstrata that include calc- alkalicextrusiveigneous rocks, intermediate to acid intrusive igneous rocks, sandstones, siltstones, dark- green claystones, and metamorphic rocks that include biotite–muscovite–feldspar–quartzmigmatites and garnet–micaschists.[1.

The dismemberment and subsidence of continental crust into horsts, rotated fault blocks and half- grabens that underlie the Spratly Islands and surrounding sea bottom occurred in 2 distinct periods. They occurred as the result of the tectonic stretching of continental crust along underlying deeply rooted detachment faults.

During the Late Cretaceous and Early Oligocene, the earliest period of tectonic stretching of continental crust and formation of horsts, half- grabens, and rotated fault- blocks occurred in association the rifting and later sea- floor spreading that created the South China Sea. During the Late Oligocene- Early Miocene additional stretching and block faulting of continental crust occurred within the Spratly Islands and adjacent Dangerous Ground. During and after this period of tectonic activity, corals and other marine life colonised the crests of the horsts and other ridges that lay in shallow water. The remains of these organisms accumulated over time as biogenic carbonates that comprise the current day reefs, shoals and cays of the Spratly Islands. Starting with their formation in Late Cretaceous, fine- grained organic- rich marine sediments accumulated within the numerous submarine half- grabens that underlie sea bottom within the Dangerous Ground region.[1.

The geological surveys show localised areas within the Spratly Islands region are favourable for the accumulation of economic oil and gas reserves. All Things To All Men Full Movie Part 1. They include thick sequences of Cenozoic sediments east of the Spratly Islands. Southeast and west of them, there also exist thick accumulations of sediments that possibly might contain economic oil and gas reserves lie closer to the Spratly Islands.[4][2. Ecology[edit]In some cays in the Spratly Islands, the sand and pebble sediments form the beaches and spits around the island. Under the influence of the dominant wind direction, which changes seasonally, these sediments move around the island to change the shape and size of the island. For example, Spratly Island is larger during the northeast monsoon, (about 7.

Some islands may contain fresh groundwater fed by rain. Groundwater levels fluctuate during the day with the rhythm of the tides.[2. Phosphates from bird faeces (guano) are mainly concentrated in the beach rocks by the way of exchange- endosmosis.

The principal minerals bearing phosphate are podolite, lewistonite and dehonite.[2. Coral reefs[edit]Coral reefs are the predominant structures of these islands; the Spratly group contains over 6. In April 2. 01. 5 the New York Times reported that China were using "scores of dredgers" to convert Fiery Cross Reef and several other reefs into military facilities.[2. Vegetation[edit]Little vegetation grows on these islands, which are subject to intense monsoons. Larger islands are capable of supporting tropical forest, scrub forest, coastal scrub and grasses.

It is difficult to determine which species have been introduced or cultivated by humans. Taiping Island (Itu Aba) was reportedly covered with shrubs, coconut, and mangroves in 1. Other accounts mention papaya, banana, palm, and even white peach trees growing on one island. A few islands that have been developed as small tourist resorts had soil and trees brought in and planted where there was none.[3]Wildlife[edit]A total of 2,9. Spratly Sea, including 7.

Terrestrial vegetation in the islands includes 1. Magnoliophyta) of 3. The islands that do have vegetation provide important habitats for many seabirds and sea turtles.[3] Both the green turtle (Chelonia mydas, endangered) and the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata, critically endangered) formerly occurred in numbers sufficient to support commercial exploitation.